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Cardiac conduction system function of the impulse dissipates
pacemaker (pace makers) to the heart muscle that occurs
rhythmic contractions and continuous. Cardiac conduction system
composed of:

1. Node sinoatrialis (NSA) is located on the foyer wall
right, as a pace maker (the origin of heart rate)
discovered by Keith and Flack.

2. Node atrioventrikularis (NAV) which is located near the bulkhead
atrioventrikuler.

3. Image artrioventrikularis (HIS), branching
form Purkinje fibers. Discovered by Wilhelm His
(Germany) and E. Purkinje (Sweden).

Heart muscle has the ability to contract independently
(autostimulasi) and is independent of nerve impulses. Muscle cells
which have been isolated heart may beat with the rhythm
alone. At the heart muscle, these cells are closely related and
there exchange of information with the gap junction in
interkalaris discs. Parasympathetic and sympathetic parts of the system
autonomic plexus supplies the cardiac plexus forming the
widespread in the heart base. In areas close the sinoatrial node and atrioventrikuler, there are nerve cells ganglion and nerve fibers. These nerves affect heart rhythm, in which stimulation of the parasympathetic (nerve the vagus) cause a slowing heart rate, whereas
sympathetic nerve stimulation accelerated pace maker rhythm.
Blood left in the hall will be driven toward the left room, which
will further clean the blood is pumped through the aortic valve
into the aorta (largest artery in the body). Blood rich
oxygen is provided for the entire body except the lungs.

The rate pulse, heart rate or work is controlled pump
experienced by a “regulatory rhythm”. This consists of a group of
in particular, called sinotrialis node, which is located within
Right porch wall. An electrical impulse is transmitted from the second node to the porch sinotrialis make them contract simultaneously. An electric current is then in go to the cubicle walls, which in turn makes
chambers contract simultaneously.


At the time of pulsing, every living heart relaxes and fills
blood (called diastole). Furthermore the heart contracts and
pump blood out of the heart (called systole). Both
porch relax and contract simultaneously, and
The second chamber also relax and contract simultaneously.
Blood contains little oxygen and contains many
carbon dioxide from the body flows through the two vessels
behind large (vena cava) to the right into the foyer. After
Right porch filled with blood, he would push the blood into the
right chamber. Blood from the right chamber will be pumped through the valve
pulmonary artery to the pulmonary veins, leading to the lungs. Blood
will flow through very small vessels (capillaries) that
around the air bag in the lungs, absorbing oxygen and
the subsequent release of carbon dioxide exhaled. Blood
which is rich in oxygen (clean blood) flows in the veins
pulmonary veins to the left of the foyer. Circulation between
the right side of the heart, lungs and left the porch called the circulation
pulmonary.


The heart receives blood from the 2 main blood vessels, namely:

1. Large veins (vena cava) that carries blood
right into the hall. Venae cavae have 2 pieces, namely: (1)
The superior vena cava brings blood to function less oxygen
(deoxygenated) from the head and arms, and (2) vena cava
The inferior function brings deoxygenated blood from the
body and legs.

2. Pulmonary vein was 4 pieces that carry blood rich
oxygen (oxygenated) from the lungs into the left room.

3. It turned out that in addition to the heart pumps blood around otototot
in the body, jantungpun send blood to the muscle wall
heart through a network of arteries are formed by two
The main coronary arteries of the coronary arteries
right and left coronary arteries.

The heart pumps blood through the major blood vessels 2 are:

1. The pulmonary artery trunk (trunk) comes from the room
Right then branched into right and 2 left the
toward the right lung and left.

2. Aortic trunks from the left room and then branched
2 into the abdominal aorta to the body and legs and
jugular artery leading to the head.

Heart

Heart or (cardia = Greek), or heart (English)
is a cone-shaped organs, muscular strength and depth of
hollow. Human heart size approximately fist
hands of an adult male. Adult heart weight less
More than 300 grams. The heart is located in the chest pouch (pouch
Thorac) with a position slightly downward and slightly to the side
left. Peak heart (apex cordis) is located to the left side.
Heart awake in place because the blood vessels
heart of the heart as if hanging in the chest cavity.

Heart Anatomy Structure

Pericardium
Heart surrounded by a membrane called the pericardium.
Wrapper layer next to the attached heart was
close to the heart, whereas the outer layer of more loosely
and watering, to avoid friction between the organs in the body
which occurs because the heart pumping movement.

Cardiac muscle
To have the heart to function as an efficient pump, then otototot
heart, the cavity top and bottom of the cavity should be contracted
interchangeably. The heart has started beating at the time of the
in the womb and will never stop until
breathed his last. The heart is the organ that
The most remarkable because of the non-stop pumping blood
which contains oxygen and nutrients in the blood to the entire
body. Heart beats 100 thousand times per day or pumping
approximately 2000 gallons of blood per day.
The heart was a muscle in the body of the toughest
work, and the strongest. The heart wall is composed of 3 layers,
from within consists of:
1. Endokardium the deepest layer of the heart
the endothelial lining of blood vessels continued to
arteries and veins.
2. Myocardium is the muscular part of the heart composed
the heart muscle (myocard). Cardiac muscles are
to contract and pump blood through the arteries.
3. Epikardium called pericardium is visceralis
the most part outside the heart is composed of connective tissue.

Heart Room
The human heart is divided into 4 rooms right of the foyer
and left, and right and left chambers.
1. Between the right and left of the foyer are separated by a septum
interatrioler (wall between the foyer).
2. Between right and left chambers separated by a septum
interventrikuler (wall between chambers).
3. Between the porch left with the left chamber is limited by the valve
bikuspidalis (mitralis).
4. Between the porch right and left chambers is limited by the valve
trikuspidalis.
5. Between the left room with the aortic valve is limited by semilunaris
aortae.
6. Between the right chamber with limited pulmonary artery valve
pulmonary semilunaris.

Chambers of the heart
Chambers of the heart is the heart that have the ability
pump blood, while the porch as the recipient of blood
passively. Because of these functions, it is structurally
chambers of the heart muscle is thicker (stronger) than muscle porch.
Similarly, the muscle right and left chambers different thickness because
different tasks. left room has a thicker muscle than
muscle chamber works right for pumping blood around
body, while the right chamber pumps blood to function paruparu.
However, the right chambers have more room
greater than the left room.

Heart valve
Functioning heart valves keep blood pressure and keep
blood does not flow back into place. Valvulae mitralis
and trikuspidalis opened because of the blood coming from
Systemic venous (superior vena cava and inferior vena cava) and
pulmonary veins, closed if the chamber is contracting, but valvulae
semilunaris open and vice versa. Valvulae edge connected
by chordae tendineae to the wall of the room musculus
papillaris (m = musculus. muscles).
There are 4 pieces in the heart valves. Namely mitral, tricuspid,
aortic, and pulmonik (often also called pulmomer).
These valves serve to regulate the flow path
blood into the right direction. Each valve has a cover
called leaflets or cusps. Mitral valve has 2 pieces
leaflets, others have leaflets 3 fruit.
Right and left parts of the heart working simultaneously
create a pattern that continued on a continuous
which makes the blood will keep flowing to the heart paruparu
and other body parts.
• Blood enters the heart via 2 major veins (venous
cava) inferior and superior oxygen carrying empty
from the body toward the right side of the porch.
• When the porch contracts, blood flows from the right
foyer to the right ventricle through a valve trikuspid.53
• When the chamber is full, then the valve will be closed for triskupid
prevent blood flowing back into the Atria as
ventricular contraction.
• When the chamber is contracting, the blood will flow out through the
pulmonik valve into the arteries and lungs which in
This section will have the blood of oxygen.
- The pulmonary veins emptied of blood will have
mengandungoksigen from the lungs into the left
porch
- When the porch to contract, blood will flow into
venrikel the left side through the mitral valve.
- When full venrikel mitral valve will be closed to
prevent blood menggalir back to the porch when the ventricles
contract.
- When the ventricle contracts the blood will leave
heart through the aortic valve leading to the collapse.

Reproductive Cycle

The contrast between men and women after experiencing puberty is the reproductive cycle, the male not experience the cycle, while the women have cycles menstrual (monthly).

Therefore, the female reproductive cycle also called the menstrual cycle is the period from the beginning of menstruation until the beginning of the next menstrual period. Usually in normal women ranged from 28 days.
In the female menstrual cycle occurred on average about 28 days,
although it is generally accepted that not all women have a cycle the same period, sometimes the cycle occurs every 21 days up to 30 days. Menstrual cycle can be divided into 2 stages the stage of follicular development (folikuler phase), and stage development of the corpus luteum (luteal phase).


- Phase folikuler

Folikuler phase is also called the proliferation phase, can be distinguished
becomes:
1. Folikuler initial phases: from the late luteal phase. Marked by elevated levels of FSH, follicles with rapid growth, and levels of estrogen and progesterone, no change meaning.
2. Folikuler final phase: 7-8 days before ovulation. Flagged with increased levels of estrogen and achieve along with the LH peak. FSH levels decreased and LH levels rise, progesterone levels began to rise. E2 and P
causes little edematus and vaskularisasi


Ovulatory phase

At the time of follicular growth has reached maximum size (follicle de Graaf), there will be a marked ovulation with rupture of the follicle wall are mainly controlled by LH and prostaglandins.

Ovulation, mechanically because of the a very rapid swelling followed by rupture of the follicle wall and release of the oocyte (egg cell) with cumulus
oophorus. Ovulation is marked by rupture of the follicle wall controlled by LH and prostaglandins. Characterized by peak LH secretion and down with immediate (LH surge), rupture follicle wall followed by egg release (ovulation), usually occurs 16-24 hours after the LH peak. Estrogen levels fall and progesterone rise.

Luteal phase

Normally the first few hours after ovulation, the cells granulosa began changing rapidly into luteal cells (luteinisasi). These cells grow until the diameter becomes twice or greater than the granulosa cells and filled with lipid that looks yellowish. This process is called luteinisasi and
the total whole cell called the corpus luteum. Luteinisasi is a sign that the granulosa cells was not held proliferation and will form a cell with other properties (differentiation) in which enzyme and organelanya system changed then able to secrete progesterone. After ovulation internal theca and granulosa cell proliferation has become corpus luteum. Luteal phase or sekretori: preceded by a surge of LH and increased levels of progesterone. After ovulation, the follicle is cracked transformed into the corpus further hemorhagicum the corpus luteum.

Granulosa cells and theca cells proliferate and the blood clot is replaced by the yellow luteal cells and lipid rich. The main function of the corpus luteum is to control the menstrual cycle length and produces hormone progesterone. Luteolisis a regression of the corpus luteum is the termination signal of the menstrual cycle marked by the decline in progesterone production drastically. Corpus luteum regression is physiologically stimulated by PGF2?.

Menstrual phase
Menstruation or menstruation is physiological changes in body
woman who happens regularly and is influenced by hormones
reproduction. This period is important in reproduction. In humans,
this usually occurs every month between puberty and menopause.

Menstruation begins at puberty and marks the a woman’s ability to bear children, although possible health factors could limit the capacity of other
it. Menstruation usually begins between the ages of 10 and 16 years,
depends on various factors, including women’s health, nutritional status, and body weight relative to height. Menstruation lasted approximately once a month until she reached the age of 45-50 years, again depending on the
health and other influences. End of ability of women to bermenstruasi called menopause and marks the end of the period of pregnancy a woman. The average length of menstrual cycle is 28 days, but ranged from 21 to 40 days. Cycle length can vary on a woman during times of different life, and even from month to month depending on the various things, including physical health, emotional, and nutrition of women it.

Menstruation is part of the regular process a woman’s body prepares for pregnancy each month. This cycle involves several stages which are controlled by interaction of hormones released by the hypothalamus, the gland under the front of the brain, and ovarian. At the beginning of the cycle,
cells lining the uterus begins to grow and thicken. This layer act as advocates for the developing fetus if the woman is pregnant. Hormone signals the eggs in the ovary to begin to develop. Soon later, an egg is released from the ovary of women and began to move toward the fallopian tubes into the uterus continues. When eggs not fertilized by sperm during sexual intercourse (or
as artificial insemination), the uterine lining to be separated from uterine wall and begin whole and will be issued through vagina. Extravasation period, known as the period period (or menses, or menstruation), lasted for three
up to seven days. When a woman becomes pregnant, the menstrual
monthly will stop. Therefore, the disappearance monthly menstruation is a sign (though not always) that a woman is pregnant. Pregnancy can be the
confirmation by a simple blood test. Menstruation ? PGF2? ? endometrial necrosis and bleeding ? membranes rupture lysosomes release the enzyme-enzyme PGF2? form. Menstrual blood contains; ruins tissue (tissue debris), PGF2?, and fibrinolysin (to lyse blood clots) from endometrial tissue.

There are two capital types of vitamins, baptize acrid vitamins and fat acrid vitamins, and the way that the anatomy does or does not abundance vitamin agreeable taken from aliment depends on which blazon it is. The anatomy cannot abundance baptize acrid vitamins and this agency that a actuality needs to furnish their baptize acrid vitamin assimilation on a circadian basis. The eight B vitamins and vitamin C are baptize acrid vitamins and the anatomy cannot abundance vitamin agreeable that is either of these.

It is not artlessly that the anatomy cannot abundance vitamins that are baptize acrid but additionally the baptize acrid vitamins are calmly destroyed by abnormal storage, handling, or affable of foods that accommodate these vitamins. In particular, it is important not to overcook vegetables by baking as the baptize acrid vitamins are in aftereffect done out of them but this abridgement of actuality able to abundance vitamins that are baptize acrid can be affected by ablaze affable or bleared and by application the baptize that vegetable accept been adapted in to anatomy sauces and gravies. As the anatomy cannot abundance vitamin C or the added baptize acrid vitamins it is capital to eat a counterbalanced diet with at atomic 5 portions of bake-apple and vegetables to ensure that abundant vitamins are accessible for the anatomy to use back all-important and a actuality does not ache from a vitamin absence due to the body’s disability to abundance vitamin content.

On the added hand, the anatomy can abundance vitamin agreeable that is fat soluble. The anatomy will abundance vitamin agreeable in the fat beef so that it can be acclimated back appropriate and a actuality does not charge to absorb as abounding of these fat acrid vitamins on as common a base as they do with baptize acrid vitamins. The fat beef abundance vitamin A, D, E, and K as these are all fat acrid vitamins.

It is additionally important to abundance vitamin supplements accurately to ensure that the benign qualities of these are not diminished. The best way to abundance vitamin supplements is in a alembic with a spiral top lid and to accumulate the alembic in a dry place. Back you abundance vitamin supplements it is additionally capital to analysis that they accept not been kept best than the cessation date. The vitamin agreeable of supplements cannot be affirmed if you abundance vitamin tablets accomplished their use by date.

Vitamin A was accustomed the aboriginal letter of the alphabet for a name because it was the aboriginal vitamin to be discovered. It was begin that vitamin A has a ample cardinal of uses in the anatomy including befitting eyes healthy, acceptable corpuscle advance and additionally allowance addition the allowed system. However, vitamin A is not alone captivated anon but it is additionally created by the anatomy by converting beta carotene into vitamin A.

Vitamin A itself is begin in a cardinal of foods such as eggs, milk, alarmist and meat. Beta carotene that the anatomy can catechumen into vitamin A is begin in abounding fruits and vegetables, abnormally the red, orange and blooming coloured ones. The best important point to bethink that arresting too abundant authentic vitamin A can be toxic. It is capital not to beat the recommended circadian allowance for vitamin A. The absolute recommended allowance of vitamin A varies depending on a person’s age, sex and added factors. While the absolute bulk of vitamin A captivated may be baneful if the recommended circadian allowance is exceeded, there is a far college absolute to how abundant beta carotene can be consumed. Therefore it is appropriate to apply on accepting the greatest bulk of beta carotene which the anatomy can again catechumen to vitamin A, rather than arresting all-inclusive quantities of authentic vitamin A affluent foods.

Many bodies will bethink actuality told that bistro lots of carrots helps you to see in the aphotic and that is bottomward to the vitamin A that is produced from the aerial levels of beta carotene that are begin in the vegetables. Added foods which accept aerial levels of beta carotene that can be adapted to vitamin A accommodate tomatoes and aphotic blooming abounding vegetables, such as spinach. Beta carotene is not alone acclimated to anatomy vitamin A, but it is additionally a able antioxidant in itself. None of the beta carotene that is captivated is ashen as any balance afterwards about-face to vitamin A has taken abode is acclimated to action the adverse chargeless radicals aural the body. Vitamin A additionally helps action infections and illnesses by allowance tissues that band assorted genitalia of the body, including the eyes, mouth, nose, throat and lungs, to abound and additionally to adjustment them if they are damaged to anticipate infection. Children additionally charge affluence of vitamin A to advice their basic and teeth to advance properly.

There are a cardinal of capital vitamins that the anatomy needs to action appropriately and it is accessible to booty these in the anatomy f a vitamin supplement. The majority of bodies do not accept a counterbalanced diet and they may be defective in assertive vitamins which agency that they crave a vitamin supplement to ensure that they do not accept a absence of an capital vitamin. A bloom able or comestible artisan is the best actuality to accord admonition on any vitamin supplement that a actuality should take. It is important to seek able admonition afore demography any vitamin supplement. This is because there are some vitamins that can be baneful if too abundant is captivated and a vitamin supplement may not be adapted if there is abundant of the vitamin already in the aliment a actuality eats.

Some categories of bodies may crave added types of vitamin supplement than others. Vegetarians are generally amiss in assertive vitamins that are alone begin in beastly products, for example, and a vitamin supplement is the ideal band-aid to this problem. Vegetarians do charge to be acquainted that some vitamin supplement accomplishment processes absorb beastly articles and it is important for them to apprehend the labels. A ample cardinal of constructed vitamin supplement articles are accessible which will accredit a vegetarian to booty them after abrogating their comestible behavior or needs.

Children will generally charge a vitamin supplement, abnormally back they are acutely young. This is because a lot of accouchement do not eat a acceptable array of foods in their aboriginal years and a vitamin supplement can advice atone for this accustomed deficiency. Breast agriculture has continued been recommended as a antecedent of all the capital nutrients but women who accept not to or are clumsy to canteen augment may be anxious as to whether their babyish needs a vitamin supplement. The ample majority of babyish milk formulas accommodate added vitamins to anticipate the charge for a vitamin supplement to be given. It is important to altercate any apropos over the charge for a babyish or adolescent to booty a vitamin supplement with a bloom able to ensure that the actual band-aid is found.

Elderly bodies or those adversity from assertive diseases or illnesses are added groups of bodies that may charge to booty a vitamin supplement. The anatomy may generally charge a vitamin supplement to atone for a actuality not actuality able to absorb the recommended circadian allowance of assertive vitamins through their accustomed diet.

An accretion cardinal of bodies are acceptable added acquainted of the bulk of vitamin assimilation that their diet does or does not accommodate and the charge for fresh products, including vitamin water, that accommodate a acceptable adjustment of accepting added of the capital vitamins is consistently actuality sought. One acutely accepted cast of vitamin baptize is Glaceau Vitamin Water. This vitamin baptize is a low calorie comestible added water. The vitamin baptize is accessible in a cardinal of altered flavours and provides an acutely advantageous another to added aerial calorie drinks.

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Glacaeau vitamin baptize is an industry baton in added baptize beverages and it is accessible in a advanced array of flavours including accomplish lemon-lime vitamin water, blueprint 50 vitamin water, aegis vitamin water, vital-t vitamin water, ability acceptable mango vitamin water, accomplishment blooming tea vitamin water, multi-v lemonade vitamin water, accent b lemon-lime vitamin water, animate bake-apple bite vitamin water, focus kiwi-strawberry vitamin water, capital orange-orange vitamin water, antithesis cran-grapefruit vitamin water, power-c dragonfruit vitamin baptize and activity close citrus vitamin water.

The absolute vitamin and mineral agreeable of Glaceau vitamin baptize varies depending on the type. Here are some of the specific diet facts for a cardinal of the flavours of Glaceau vitamin baptize available:

Defense

Calories 50; Absolute Fat 0g; Sodium 0mg; Absolute Carbohydrate 13g; Absolute Amoroso 13g; Protein 0g; Vitamin C 60%; vitamin B3 10%; vitamin B6 10%; vitamin B12 10%; vitamin B5 10%, Zinc 10%

Vital-t

Calories 50; Absolute Fat 0g; Sodium 0mg; Absolute Carbohydrate 13g; Absolute Amoroso 13g; Protein 0g; Vitamin C 60%; vitamin E 20%; vitamin B3 10%; vitamin B6 10%; vitamin B12 10%; vitamin B5 10%

Stress b lemon-lime

calories 40, absolute fat 0g, sodium 0mg, absolute carbohydrate 9g, amoroso 8g, protein 0g, vitamin B2 25%, vitamin B3 25%, vitamin B5 25%, vitamin B6 25%, vitamin B12 25%, vitamin C 60%, st johns wort 25mg, kava kava 25mg

Revive bake-apple punch

calories 50, absolute fat 0g, sodium 0mg, potassium 30mg, absolute carbohydrate 13g, amoroso 12g, protein 0g, vitamin A 10%, vitamin B3 10%, vitamin B5 10%, vitamin B6 10%, vitamin B12 10%, vitamin C 60%, vitamin E 10%, gotu kola 25mg, American ginseng 25mg

Every blazon of Glaceau vitamin baptize is fabricated application distilled baptize and all accustomed flavourings to ensure that the benign furnishings of the vitamin added alcohol are maximised.

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