Reproductive Cycle
The contrast between men and women after experiencing puberty is the reproductive cycle, the male not experience the cycle, while the women have cycles menstrual (monthly).
Therefore, the female reproductive cycle also called the menstrual cycle is the period from the beginning of menstruation until the beginning of the next menstrual period. Usually in normal women ranged from 28 days.
In the female menstrual cycle occurred on average about 28 days,
although it is generally accepted that not all women have a cycle the same period, sometimes the cycle occurs every 21 days up to 30 days. Menstrual cycle can be divided into 2 stages the stage of follicular development (folikuler phase), and stage development of the corpus luteum (luteal phase).
- Phase folikuler
Folikuler phase is also called the proliferation phase, can be distinguished
becomes:
1. Folikuler initial phases: from the late luteal phase. Marked by elevated levels of FSH, follicles with rapid growth, and levels of estrogen and progesterone, no change meaning.
2. Folikuler final phase: 7-8 days before ovulation. Flagged with increased levels of estrogen and achieve along with the LH peak. FSH levels decreased and LH levels rise, progesterone levels began to rise. E2 and P
causes little edematus and vaskularisasi
Ovulatory phase
At the time of follicular growth has reached maximum size (follicle de Graaf), there will be a marked ovulation with rupture of the follicle wall are mainly controlled by LH and prostaglandins.
Ovulation, mechanically because of the a very rapid swelling followed by rupture of the follicle wall and release of the oocyte (egg cell) with cumulus
oophorus. Ovulation is marked by rupture of the follicle wall controlled by LH and prostaglandins. Characterized by peak LH secretion and down with immediate (LH surge), rupture follicle wall followed by egg release (ovulation), usually occurs 16-24 hours after the LH peak. Estrogen levels fall and progesterone rise.
Luteal phase
Normally the first few hours after ovulation, the cells granulosa began changing rapidly into luteal cells (luteinisasi). These cells grow until the diameter becomes twice or greater than the granulosa cells and filled with lipid that looks yellowish. This process is called luteinisasi and
the total whole cell called the corpus luteum. Luteinisasi is a sign that the granulosa cells was not held proliferation and will form a cell with other properties (differentiation) in which enzyme and organelanya system changed then able to secrete progesterone. After ovulation internal theca and granulosa cell proliferation has become corpus luteum. Luteal phase or sekretori: preceded by a surge of LH and increased levels of progesterone. After ovulation, the follicle is cracked transformed into the corpus further hemorhagicum the corpus luteum.
Granulosa cells and theca cells proliferate and the blood clot is replaced by the yellow luteal cells and lipid rich. The main function of the corpus luteum is to control the menstrual cycle length and produces hormone progesterone. Luteolisis a regression of the corpus luteum is the termination signal of the menstrual cycle marked by the decline in progesterone production drastically. Corpus luteum regression is physiologically stimulated by PGF2?.
Menstrual phase
Menstruation or menstruation is physiological changes in body
woman who happens regularly and is influenced by hormones
reproduction. This period is important in reproduction. In humans,
this usually occurs every month between puberty and menopause.
Menstruation begins at puberty and marks the a woman’s ability to bear children, although possible health factors could limit the capacity of other
it. Menstruation usually begins between the ages of 10 and 16 years,
depends on various factors, including women’s health, nutritional status, and body weight relative to height. Menstruation lasted approximately once a month until she reached the age of 45-50 years, again depending on the
health and other influences. End of ability of women to bermenstruasi called menopause and marks the end of the period of pregnancy a woman. The average length of menstrual cycle is 28 days, but ranged from 21 to 40 days. Cycle length can vary on a woman during times of different life, and even from month to month depending on the various things, including physical health, emotional, and nutrition of women it.
Menstruation is part of the regular process a woman’s body prepares for pregnancy each month. This cycle involves several stages which are controlled by interaction of hormones released by the hypothalamus, the gland under the front of the brain, and ovarian. At the beginning of the cycle,
cells lining the uterus begins to grow and thicken. This layer act as advocates for the developing fetus if the woman is pregnant. Hormone signals the eggs in the ovary to begin to develop. Soon later, an egg is released from the ovary of women and began to move toward the fallopian tubes into the uterus continues. When eggs not fertilized by sperm during sexual intercourse (or
as artificial insemination), the uterine lining to be separated from uterine wall and begin whole and will be issued through vagina. Extravasation period, known as the period period (or menses, or menstruation), lasted for three
up to seven days. When a woman becomes pregnant, the menstrual
monthly will stop. Therefore, the disappearance monthly menstruation is a sign (though not always) that a woman is pregnant. Pregnancy can be the
confirmation by a simple blood test. Menstruation ? PGF2? ? endometrial necrosis and bleeding ? membranes rupture lysosomes release the enzyme-enzyme PGF2? form. Menstrual blood contains; ruins tissue (tissue debris), PGF2?, and fibrinolysin (to lyse blood clots) from endometrial tissue.